| Carnot's ideal engine |  |
|
| changes of state |  |
|
| equilibrium between different states |  |
|
| heat |  |
|
 | | Joule's experiment |
|  | | latent heat |
|  | | perpetual motion |
|  | | Specific heat |
|
|
| temperature scales |  |
|
| the first law of thermodynamics |  |
|
| the heating curve |  |
|
| the internal combustion engine |  |
|
 | | the mechanical equivalent of heat |
|  | | the second law of thermodynamics |
|  | | the thermometer |
|  | | thermal equilibrium |
|
|
