Establishing the problem that the scientist wants to investigate is essential if the research is going to be "a success".
When we try to explain what we have observed, a problem may arise due to the curiosity and the need of humanity to "understand" its environment.
To solve this it is essential to be "up to date", to be aware of what is already known about the topic and that parts of the problem have already been resolved and verified by Science. Before beginning, all the information possible related to the phenomenon should be collected.
The following visual presents a problem: