Despite the fact that Despeñaperros is one of the smallest natural parks in Andalusia, it boasts extraordinary geological, natural and historical heritage. Its gorges, for example, have witnessed epic moments such as the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.

The erosion of the Despeñaperros river created this natural pass that connects the Castilian plateau with Andalusia. The action of this flowing water, running from north to south eroding the rocks, has created spectacular landscapes such as Los Órganos, with its solid quartzites and gigantic vertical tubes. El Salto del Fraile and Las Correderas are other sites where you can find these interesting formations.

In this rugged environment with virtually vertical walls, there are deep canyons and faults, with fascinating plant species sheltered by the ravines. Hikers can marvel at these plants on routes such as the one that runs through the Valdeazores Ravine, where the Mediterranean forest spills over with wild pear and strawberry trees and laurustine, filling the land with different colours throughout the autumn. Another option is to explore the more shaded Collado de la Estrella. The tones are different here, taking their colours from a grove of Portuguese and Pyrenean oaks.

The sunny areas, however, are the land of the holm oak, alongside pine trees, kermes oaks and rock rose. Deer and wild boar find refuge in the vegetation. They are hunted species and share their habitat with majestic birds of prey, such as the Iberian imperial eagle and the griffon vulture.

Because of its strategic location, these lands have been inhabited by numerous cultures since prehistoric times, signs of which can be found in the area. For example, the Iberians would make offerings in the form of small bronze statues, known as muñecas (dolls) by the locals. Religious offerings were carried out in places considered sacred such as the Sanctuary of Collado de los Jardines, where you can find the Cueva de los Muñecos (Doll Cave). In addition, earlier, unusual samples of rock painting can be found, which confirm the mystical beliefs of the ancient civilisations held with regards to this area. Other examples of these paintings can be found in caves such as Santo or Vacas de Retamoso.

The ancient Roman paved road, which runs alongside lush natural vegetation, is also part of the history of Despeñaperros. Visitors can walk it thanks to the Empedraillo trail, which is sure to work up an appetite, leaving visitors ready to sample the rich gastronomy of the area; dishes which are inspired by typical mountain produce such as game, mushrooms (especially chanterelles), and asparagus.